How simple ideas lead to scientific discoveries
0 (0 Likes / 0 Dislikes)
أحد الأشياء الطريفة في امتلاكك لعقل هو أنك لا تتحكم بالأشياء التي
تتجمع وتعلق فيه. وكذلك الحقائق والقصص. ويزداد الأمر سوءًا كلما كبرت سنا
أشياء تعلق في ذهنك أحيانًا لسنوات قبل أن تفهم لماذا
أنت مهتم بها. قبل أن تعرف أهميتها بالنسبة لك
هذه ثلاثة أشياء مرت بي:
كان ريتشارد فينمان صبيًا صغيرًا في كوينز
ذهب مرة مع والده يمشي ومعه عربته وكرته
ولاحظ أنه عندما يقوم بسحب العربة
ترجع الكرة لحافة العربة فسأل والده
لماذا تعود الكرة إلى نهاية العربة؟ فأجابه والده:
القصور الذاتي (مصطلح فيزيائي)
فسأله: ما معنى "قصور ذاتي"؟
القصور الذاتي هو المصطلح الذي أعطاه العلماء لظاهرة رجوع الكرة لنهاية العربة
لكن في الحقيقة
لا أحد يدري
فاينمان حصل على شهادته في إم آي تي و برنستون
وقام بحل لغز تحطم المكوك الفضائي تشالنجر
وفي النهاية حصل على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء
على الرسوم البيانية التي تصف حركة الجسيمات دون الذرية
وهو يرجع الفضل لمحادثته مع والده كونها أعطته إحساس
بأن أبسط الأسئلة قد تحملك إلى حافة المعرفة البشرية
وذلك حيث كان يرغب أن ينافس
وذلك ما فعله حقا
إراتوستينس كان ثالث أمناء المكتبة العظمى بالإسكندرية
وقد قدم الكثير من الإسهامات العلمية
لكن الشيء الأكثر تميزًا بين أعماله بدأ
برسالة تلقاها عندما كان أمين مكتبة
من مدينة أسوان والتي تقع جنوب الأسكندرية
الرسالة احتوت على حقيقة علقت في ذهن إراتوستينس , والحقيقة كانت
أن الكاتب قال: في وقت الظهيرة
عند حدوث ظاهرة انقلاب الشمس الصيفي, عندما ينظر أحدهم أسفل البئر يكون بإمكانه
رؤية انعكاس صورته في القاع, وكذلك يرى أن رأسه يحجب ضوء الشمس
والآن علي أن أخبركم أن اعتقاد أن كريستوفر كولومبوس هو من اكتشف
كروية الأرض هراء, إنها ليست حقيقة على الإطلاق. في الحقيقة؛ كل المتعلمين
منذ زمن أرسطو كانوا يعرفون أن الأرض كروية
وقد أثبت أرسطو ذلك عن طريق ملاحظة بسيطة
هو لاحظ أنه في كل مرة تشاهد فيها ظل الأرض على القمر تجده دائريا
والشكل الوحيد الذي يشكّل باستمرار ظلاً دائريًا هو الشكل الكروي
وهذا المطلوب إثباته, الأرض كروية
لكن لم يعرف أحد حجمها حتى أتت إراتوستينس هذه الرسالة
وهذه الحقيقة
وبذلك علم أن أشعة الشمس عامودية على مدينة أسوان
looking down the well
it was a straight line all the way down the well right past the guys had up to
the sun
their costumes to another fact
hedonistic stuck in the ground keep alexandria at the same time and the same
day that new the sun c_n_n_'s all the solstice
the sun cast a shadow that showed it was seven point two
degrees
off access
now if you know the circumference of the circle you have two points on it
all you need to know is the distance between those two points and you can
extrapolate the circumference three hundred sixty degrees divided by seven
point two equals
fifty i don't get a little bit of a round number it makes me suspicious of
the story too but it's a good stores will continue with it
he needed to know the distance between sweat it
at alexandria which is good
because eric hospice was good and geography in fact he invented the word
geography
the portraits weights what about every was abroad of commerce
and published needed to know how long it took to get there
it needed to know the exact distance of heat newberry precisely but the distance
between the two cities with five hundred miles multiply that times fifty you get
twenty five thousand which is within one-percent but the actual diameter of
the earth
he did this
two thousand two hundred years ago
that we live in an age
where multibillion dollar pieces of machinery aren't looking for the higgs
boson worth discovering particles that may travel faster than the speed of
light
and all of these discoveries are made possible
by technology that's been developed
in the last few decades
but for most of human history
we had to discover these things using our eyes and argues and our minds
armand fees out was an experimental physicist in paris
is specialty was actually refining and confirming other people's results and
this might sound like a built-in also grant
but in fact this is the sole of science because there's no such thing as a fact
it cannot be independently corroborated
and he was familiar
with galileo's experiments to try to determine whether or not like how to
speak
so get waivers workout this
really wonderful experiment where he had his assistant had uh... a lamp
each one of holding a weapon delhi with opened his weapon system would open his
life
and they got the time you got a really good big big big just now they're trying
to and then they started
at two hilltops two miles distant
and they did the same time on the assumption from getaway over the flight
had a discernible speed
the notice it that way at all like coming back ms assistant sweat
but light was too fast for delaware
uh... he was up by several orders of magnitude when he assumes that light was
roughly ten times faeces the speed of sound
fees i was aware of this experiment
he lived in paris and he set up
to experimental stations roughly five and a half miles distant
in paris
and he solved this problem of galileo's
and he did it with that really relatively trivial piece of equipment
it was one of these
i'm gonna put away the clicker for a second because if i want to engage your
brains and uh... so this is a tooth we'll
it's got a bunch of not just and it's got a bunch of heat
this was the xo solution to sending discrete pulses of light
he put a beam
behind one of these nazis
it by point of being
through this knowledge adam you're five miles away
that beams bouts governor and coming back to me through this large
but something interesting happens as he spins the wheel faster
he notices but it seems like adores started to close on the white bean
that's coming back to his life
why is that
it's because the pulse on flight it's not coming back to the same not
it's actually hitting into
and he speaks the real fast enough
and heat fully includes the light
and said based in the distance between the two stations
at the speed of this we'll have in the production real
he calculates the speed of light to within ten percent of its actual value
and he does this
it eighteen forty-nine
this is what really gets me going about science whenever i'm having trouble
understanding the concept i go back and i research the people to discover that
concept
i look at the story of how they came to understand and what happens when you
look at what the discovers
were thinking about when they made their discoveries as you understand
that they are not so different from us
we are all back to me and one of the all-star at the same tools
but the idea that different branches of science or call fields of study
most people
think of sciences of clothes black box and in fact
it is a open fields
and we are all explorers
the people that need these discoveries
just thought of little bit harder
about what they were looking at
and the world a little bit more curious
and their curiosity change the way people thought about the world
and dusty change the world face change the world and so can you