Enclosed-Space-Entry-Safe-Entry-Procedures
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Entering enclosed
spaces in a ship
is a fairly common operation,
yet accidents happen
and injuries occur.
There are many
fatalities on record.
To avoid such incidents, it is
important to plan and prepare
for the enclosed space entry.
In this video, you will learn
about the formation of an entry
team.
Then, we will discuss
different types of equipment
that are used for entry
and rescue operations.
You will observe a
typical team meeting
taking place on a
ship before the entry
and see the work
operations being planned.
The preparations before
entry require compliance
with the company's
entry procedures.
You will observe
these being followed.
Finally, you will see that,
with good planning and teamwork,
working in an enclosed space
can be safe and injury-free
Entry into an
enclosed space should
be planned by a
team that consists
of the master or chief engineer,
a safety officer or responsible
officer, and the
participating members.
Firstly, I'll sit
down well ahead
of the time we'll
actually tackle a job
and review the procedure,
and think about where
the equipment is going
to come from, how
we're going to get it together.
Next step is, get together
with the first assistant,
the responsible person for the
job, perhaps the chief mate.
A proper risk assessment must be
carried out before any enclosed
space entry.
Your company's enclosed space
entry procedures and permit
should be discussed and
then used as a guideline
for making preparations.
That permit must be
issued before entry,
and closed after
completion of work.
Entry should be made only after
the safety officer has signed
the permit and it
has been approved
by the responsible
person identified
by your company's procedures.
The entry supervisor
is the officer
responsible for determining if
acceptable entry conditions are
present at the entrance
to the enclosed space.
He authorizes the entry
and signs the permit.
Thereafter, he oversees
the entry operations,
and upon completion, he
confirms that all persons
have exited the enclosed space.
Further entries
are then terminated
and the space is closed off.
Within the confined
space procedure,
there is a responsible person.
The responsible
person, in that case,
was first assistant engineer.
And work was to
his satisfaction.
He took charge of
testing the atmosphere.
He took charge of briefing
the other workers.
He took charge of establishing
the sequence of work.
He took charge of making
sure that required safety
equipment was readily accessible
and communications were proper.
The entry attendant is a person
stationed outside the permitted
enclosed space.
He monitors the
authorized entrance,
and ensures that all rescue
and standby equipment is ready.
The attendant maintains
constant communication
with the team inside.
It requires a tank
attendant outside the tank,
with direct communication to
the person inside the tank,
or persons.
The person outside of the
tank, my personal policy
is, two people
outside of the tank.
That way, the attendant
never has to leave.
If something is required,
then the second person
is available to tend to that,
provide materials and such.
Within the tank,
two people, minimum.
And one typically working,
one spotting, helping
to maintain communications.
Always a buddy system for that.
And as the space becomes
progressively larger,
sometimes you need more than
that to maintain a good line
of sight, good communications.
The entry team should
be sized in accordance
with the job that
needs to be done.
Too many members could become
a hazard for each other,
while too few may not be
able to accomplish the work.
The rescue team has
a very important job,
that of reacting quickly
in case of any emergency.
This team has to be formed at
the time of planning the entry.
The team members must ensure
that rescue equipment is
readily available, and they must
also be familiar with it's use.
To make a safe entry and to
carry out the work inside
in a safe and
efficient manner, it's
important to have
the right equipment.
Also, in case of an emergency,
the right rescue equipment
must always be kept handy.
In this section, we will
discuss various items
that need to be kept ready for
entering an enclosed space.
This consists of oxygen
analyzer, Explosimeter,
and a toxic gas detector.
They must have a valid
certificate of calibration.
The safety officer or
the entry supervisor
must be familiar with its use.
Monitoring must also
continue at regular intervals
to ensure that no
gases are building up,
and that oxygen levels
are not falling.
Effective means of
communication include
intrinsically-safe
walkie-talkies
that must be tested
for battery strength,
as well as signal strength
from inside the enclosed
space to the area where
the attendant and rescue
equipment are stationed.
You have a problem with
communication between both,
attendants outside the tank,
and the people inside the tank,
and with the people
inside the tank itself.
It can be difficult because of
echoing and things like that.
Fixed or portable
ventilation equipment
means either installed
fans with ventilation ducts
or portable blowers with duct.
While using portable blowers,
it is particularly important
to know that clean
air is supplied in,
and that there is a separate
outlet for the exhaust air.
Personal safety
equipment includes
hard hat, safety shoes, and
safety harnesses with lanyard
and hooks.
Sufficient lighting and standby
flashlights with good batteries
are required to provide good
visibility in working areas.
High-visibility
barrier tapes should
be used to mark out any
voids and openings where
a person could fall through.
Equipment required to maintain
safe working conditions
must be tagged so that it is
not operated or switched off
accidentally.
Rescue equipment must
be well-maintained
and should be kept ready
outside the enclosed space.
This equipment includes
harnesses, ropes and tackles,
lifelines and heating lines,
IMO-approved stretchers,
oxygen resuscitators, and
self-contained breathing
apparatus with spare cylinders.
Beyond that, we have
required safety equipment
that must be readily-available
for extracting people
if they've had a problem.
People tend to
think of the problem
as being the atmosphere.
That's not necessarily the
most dangerous problem.
A slip, a fall, a
normal medical problem
that occurs within the
tank that could happen
to you in your office
becomes critical in that type
of environment.
[WARNING ALERT TONE]
All safety and
rescue equipment must
be ready outside the workplace.
The attendant should not
have to leave his position
to fetch anything.
A pre-entry briefing
is of vital importance.
Now, this briefing should
include planning the entry,
delegating duties to
different team members,
and going through the
company's procedures
for enclosed space entry.
Use the permit to
work as a checklist
to ensure that all
steps are covered.
After this, the
entry is authorized
by the master, chief engineer,
or responsible person
identified in the
company's procedures.
And I made a quick drawing where
I'll explain that to everybody
what we're going to do here.
During the team meeting,
it is a good idea
to discuss the layout of the
enclosed space and the job that
needs to be done.
The whole team gets
a good snapshot
of the work involved and the
dangers associated with working
in that particular space.
Tracking around down there.
The division bulkhead is
basically a little bigger
than, like, a manhole.
We're going to feed the
hose down and in, right
into this first section, right?
And what you're going to do is
get the M-1 welding pump going.
Now--
Equipment that is
not commonly-used
is brought to the
meeting and demonstrated
to the team members.
This could include special
head-mounted lights, breathing
masks, personal gas
monitors, harnesses,
and breathing apparatus.
A checklist is used to list
the equipment that needs
to be collected for the entry.
This avoids confusion
and any lost time
when the entry is being made.
The work commencement
schedule is then created.
Based on this, the ventilation
of the enclosed space
is planned and started.
This should be done well
before the entry, so that there
is sufficient fresh
air for the workers,
and that all the gases and
fumes are exhausted out.
The preparation for
entering an enclosed space
becomes a lot easier after
the pre-entry meeting.
All the required equipment has
been identified in the permit
to work.
The entry and rescue team
members have been identified
and duties assigned.
They also know that the
entry and rescue equipment
is in good working order.
The next step is to bring all
the equipment to the work site.
It must be laid out
in an organized way
so as to be ready for use.
It must also be
clearly positioned,
and should not become a tripping
hazard for workers in the area.
Rescue equipment should
be collected and located
outside the enclosed space.
A quick mobilization
of the rescue team
could mean the difference
between life and death.
Finally, the enclosed
space entry workers
must check their own
safety equipment.
Hard hats must be secured
with a chin strap.
If the work inside involves
working at a high level,
then safety harnesses
must be worn,
with a hook secured
to a safe point.
Apart from other
lighting, the workers
should have a personal
flashlight with them.
Non-skid safety shoes are
important for firm footing
on the vertical ladders
and slippery tank surfaces.
[WARNING ALERT TONE]
Always follow the procedures
and do not take shortcuts.
Go through the permit to work.
Having planned the work, having
explained the duties to all
the participants,
getting all the equipment
ready at the site, and
following the proper procedure,
locking out and tagging
out all related machinery,
and monitoring the
atmosphere inside,
it is now time to
make the entry.
With proper preparation, the
entry should proceed safely.
The workers are well-briefed
and well-equipped. .
If there are problems,
then the rescue team
is ready to move
quickly and save lives.
Working in an enclosed space
can be a dangerous operation.
It is for this
reason that companies
have introduced procedures and
guidelines to avoid accidents.
It is a team operation.
Team members must
know their duties
and carry them out diligently.
The safety of the entry
team depends on them.
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