Bajo un Mismo Cielo (Under the Same Sky) Part 2 - GalileoMobile documentary
0 (0 Likes / 0 Dislikes)
- Madam, you are looking at Jupiter.
- Yes.
- It is another planet,
like Earth, but much bigger
- Yes, and it also has stripes, no?
- Yes, exactly.
- Those dots, are they stars?
- There are other luminous dots
- Yes, there are.
- They are Jupiter's moons.
- Ahh! Yes, yes.
Now we are observing
planet Jupiter,
and we can observe its four moons,
the same ones Galileo Galilei observed.
They are seen lying on
the same plane because
they orbit around the
equator of the planet.
The children who made
the activities with us
this morning in the
“Seis de Junio” elementary school,
I think I remember the name
correctly, have come tonight.
But there were many other
people in the square too,
they all had the chance to observe and
it seems that it was a success, really.
We see a little star, shiny,
of zero magnitude, it is called Vega.
And we are using a telescope just like the one
Galileo Galilei used four hundred years ago.
So the light you see is
just like the light Galileo Galilei
saw from this star
four hundred years ago.
- So, what have you seen?
A little star,
like a moon, small,
this small, nice.
Yes, whose turn is it?
I am going to cover one eye for you, and you are
going to look with the other. Look inside there.
- Cover the light for him.
- Yes, I covered it.
- Tell me, what do you see?
- The Moon.
- And what is the Moon like?
- It is round,
it has some voids.
They are round, there are
dark parts and bright parts.
- Is it the first time you see the
Moon so close, the first time?
- No, it is the second time, through a telescope.
- Through the telescope, of course.
- Yes, the circle is like this, shiny
- Yes.
The Moon reflects a lot
of light from the Sun.
The Sun is over there right
now and casts its light
almost head on at the Moon,
so we see it almost full.
So the Moon shines on us
almost like a lamp on the sky
and it is such a powerful
lamp that sometimes
it does not let us see the other,
less luminous objects.
- There is a little bit of water.
- Is there a little bit of water? How do you know?
- Yes.
- Why? How do you know?
- There is a little bit, there is something like a circle...
- Like a circle?
But, why do you think there is water in there?
- Yes.
- Is it because it is darker?
- Maybe there are little people there.
- Little people on the Moon? No...
- Yes, when the Sun is out,
there are some people there
- Over there?
- There are some people..
- Well, as far as I know, there are
no people on the Moon.
I know that people visited the Moon, the
astronauts who went all the way to the Moon,
but I don't think there
are people there now.
Let's take another look.
- So we need to use movements
which repeat themselves,
to observe a motion which is
repeated, to use it as a clock.
And the most well-known repetitive
motion in the sky is the movement of the Sun.
Look, it rises there and
it's going to set over there.
So the Sun serves as a clock.
We can use it as a clock
and this is the way to do it.
We put a stick like this,
pointing South
and its shadow is going to
show us the time, the solar time.
- Where are the craters?
Who can find a crater here?
- Which ones would they be then?
The ones that look like little circles.
- It is this one, this one
- So now we are
looking at the Sun
and we are going to see
a little dot which is a sunspot.
The Sun has a cycle, every eleven years
you can see more sunspots or less.
Now we are
at a minimum.
- It looks small through the telescope but it is
actually very big, much bigger than Earth.
- Can you see it?
- I don't see it.
- Close one eye. That's it!
And look through the other one.
- There is a small,
very small dark spot.
- A small black dot.
Have you found it?
- Yes.
- That is a sunspot.
We had the special visit of a shaman,
who asked for permission
to observe the sky.
And this too was
very interesting
because we,
as researchers, are very
skeptical in gereral
about everything,
about cultural traditions,
but being there,
seeing a person
who has his beliefs,
has his faith and
really thinks that
this is the way
to watch the sky:
asking for permission,
being thankful, was very beautiful.
And it was also a very
moving experience,
because during the ceremony, besides
asking Earth for permission,
he wanted to know our names
to ask for our protection.
And this was so intense
and so interesting,
because it was the
oldest knowledge
joined together with modern technology.
And it was also interesting
for the children because
they stayed there silent,
watching the ceremony
and later they were running
around the telescope,
looking through
the binoculars.
It was a very special day.
There were many people, even tourists
who were visiting the Island of the Sun,
and they stayed to watch the ritual,
to observe with the telescope.
It was a very, very special day.
- Have you managed to see the round crater?
- Yes.
Really? These craters are
made by the impact of meteorites,
big rocks traveling
through space.
- Pretty, isn't it?
- Yes.
- Good, thanks.
It is more luminous than a star
but it is not a star, it is a planet.
- Do you like it?
- Yes.
Can you see the bright
little dots near this planet?
The view is wider than
through the telescope
but it is always useful
to observe galaxies.
Now we are trying to see
Jupiter with the binoculars.
and it is not so easy because the
binoculars move with our hand.
With the binoculars it is much
better to look at the stars,
like for example in the Milky Way
where we can see many clusters of stars.
We are looking mainly at the Milky Way
or other galaxies
close to ours,
like Andromeda or
the Magellanic Clouds.
Horca del Inca (“The Inca Gallows”)
Astronomical observatory (14th century BC)
This door you see here, it is
an astronomical observatory.
It was not used to hang the Incas,
it does not belong to the Inca culture either.
It belongs to the
Chiripa culture.
The Chiripas lived
here around 1700 BC.
Through this door they could tell
the days, the years, the dates.
It is a Chiripa calendar.
Every 21st of June
the new Aymara year starts.
- Can you see that hole up there?
- Yes.
Every 21st of June the first
solar rays come through that hole.
They are projected on the
middle of that bridge.
When they were projected
exactly in the middle
they knew it was a good year,
good sowing, good agriculture.
When the Sun moved to one side,
it was a bad year, bad agriculture.
- Can you see those two rocks back there?
That big one and the small one, do you see them?
- Yes.
- They are called “kitchen knives”.
When the Sun rises in between
them, every 21st of September,
the shadows of these knives are projected
on the two pillars, indicating the time to sow.
- Your friend says that the stars
are the smallest celestial bodies.
- They are big, very big,
bigger than Earth
- So, small or big?
- Big!!!
- Big, big. But we are able to observe
stars which are very, very far away.
- The spirit of
GalileoMobile is...
sharing.
that is the spirit I think.
To share, in the frame of
something we call astronomy;
to share the feelings of the moment,
to share a conversation with people,
to listen to what they have to say
about the place, about what they see.
It is restricted, maybe.
It is about the sky
in South America,
their view of the world.
We teach them some things,
basic concepts mainly,
in turn we learn what they
know about the constellations,
learn from their culture.
So I think the spirit of
this project is to share,
as we say, to share under the same sky.
What they have to say
and what we have.
In every aspect.
Sacsajhuaman, Inca ceremonial fortress
(11th - 15th century AC).
The most important thing
about andean astronomy,
the most important one, is the relationship
between man and the universe,
in perfect harmony.
The citizens of the Inca empire
lived in harmony with nature,
but the sky was also part
of this concept of nature.
It was simply Earth reflected onto the stars.
It is for this reason that most
constellations and some of their deities
were a reflection of the things
they had on Earth.
So they lived in harmony with the cosmos.
It is a kind of astronomy
which encompasses all things.
- "Allillanchu!" (Hello),
(speaking in Quechua)
- "Allillanchu” (Hello!)
- How are you doing?
- Very well!
- My name is Miriam
her name is María,
She is Silvia
his name is Fabio
and that is Philippe.
- How is this called, Â"Inti"? (Sun in Quechua)
- “Inti” or Sun, we can call it both ways.
- Sun!
- Ok, and what else can we see
during the day in the sky?
- The clouds!
- The clouds.
- What else?
- Can you see stars
during the day?
"Uk, Isqay, Quimsa,
Tawa, Pichka,
Soqta, Janchis, Pusaq,
Isqoy, Chunca!"
- Thank you!
We are writing down the numbers
in Quechua, all the numbers.
They are teaching me
a little Quechua.
We know the numbers and
also, that this is called “montera”
- Is that right?
- Yes.
- And this is called "manta".
- "Ligia".
- Oh, I'm sorry, “Ligia”,
how do you spell that?
- This is "manta"
- What does “manta” mean?
- “Iman sutiyki?” means
“what is your name”, right?
So... what else did I learn? There
was another thing I remembered...
ah, no. My name is: “ña..”
- María.
- Yes, but how was it in Quechua?
- “Ñoqa sutimi”.
"Ñoqa sutimi María, Ñoqa sutimi María".
- After leaving Peru the journey
comes to its end,
and towards the start of all
this, towards Antofagasta.
It is our way back.
It is the closing of
the circle we started
more than a month ago
and now we finish it.
It is a circle that includes
a little bit of everything.
So from Peru, we are now in
Cusco, we go south,
Arequipa, Arica, Tocopilla, and Taltal,
which is the place where the
last GalileoMobile presentation
will take place and where the project closes,
the journey of this project ends.
So to go back, to go back now is difficult,
knowing that the road
does not go on after that,
it is already the way back, to
close circle, it is almost a circle.
It is a bit sad, but at the
same time it is beautiful.
It's nice to know that we
are going back to Chile
where this journey started
and where we spent two weeks.
So now we go back there,
for one more week,
to complete this circle
and it is nice,
it is good.
Closing ceremony,
Taltal, Chile
- So, why is Pluto not
there anymore?
- Why is Pluto not there
anymore, in the family?
- Because it is a star.
- No, no.
- I know, I know!
- It left the solar system.
- No, no.
- I know, I know!
- It was considered a dwarf planet.
- Wow, amazing!
- Bravo!
- Great!
I think that this project,
to some extent,
changed us all,
it marked a point
in our lives.
It allowed us to do
something completely different
with things we had here
but we could not do before.
It opened a
window for us.
And I think this window is one
that we cannot close suddenly.
I don't know
where we are going to
but we are going
in a certain direction.
We opened the window now,
and this window will stay open to
guide us into a new adventure.