Bajo un Mismo Cielo (Under the Same Sky) Part 2 - GalileoMobile documentary

- Madam, you are looking at Jupiter. - Yes. - It is another planet, like Earth, but much bigger - Yes, and it also has stripes, no? - Yes, exactly. - Those dots, are they stars? - There are other luminous dots - Yes, there are. - They are Jupiter's moons. - Ahh! Yes, yes. Now we are observing planet Jupiter, and we can observe its four moons, the same ones Galileo Galilei observed. They are seen lying on the same plane because they orbit around the equator of the planet. The children who made the activities with us this morning in the “Seis de Junio” elementary school, I think I remember the name correctly, have come tonight. But there were many other people in the square too, they all had the chance to observe and it seems that it was a success, really. We see a little star, shiny, of zero magnitude, it is called Vega. And we are using a telescope just like the one Galileo Galilei used four hundred years ago. So the light you see is just like the light Galileo Galilei saw from this star four hundred years ago. - So, what have you seen? A little star, like a moon, small, this small, nice. Yes, whose turn is it? I am going to cover one eye for you, and you are going to look with the other. Look inside there. - Cover the light for him. - Yes, I covered it. - Tell me, what do you see? - The Moon. - And what is the Moon like? - It is round, it has some voids. They are round, there are dark parts and bright parts. - Is it the first time you see the Moon so close, the first time? - No, it is the second time, through a telescope. - Through the telescope, of course. - Yes, the circle is like this, shiny - Yes. The Moon reflects a lot of light from the Sun. The Sun is over there right now and casts its light almost head on at the Moon, so we see it almost full. So the Moon shines on us almost like a lamp on the sky and it is such a powerful lamp that sometimes it does not let us see the other, less luminous objects. - There is a little bit of water. - Is there a little bit of water? How do you know? - Yes. - Why? How do you know? - There is a little bit, there is something like a circle... - Like a circle? But, why do you think there is water in there? - Yes. - Is it because it is darker? - Maybe there are little people there. - Little people on the Moon? No... - Yes, when the Sun is out, there are some people there - Over there? - There are some people.. - Well, as far as I know, there are no people on the Moon. I know that people visited the Moon, the astronauts who went all the way to the Moon, but I don't think there are people there now. Let's take another look. - So we need to use movements which repeat themselves, to observe a motion which is repeated, to use it as a clock. And the most well-known repetitive motion in the sky is the movement of the Sun. Look, it rises there and it's going to set over there. So the Sun serves as a clock. We can use it as a clock and this is the way to do it. We put a stick like this, pointing South and its shadow is going to show us the time, the solar time. - Where are the craters? Who can find a crater here? - Which ones would they be then? The ones that look like little circles. - It is this one, this one - So now we are looking at the Sun and we are going to see a little dot which is a sunspot. The Sun has a cycle, every eleven years you can see more sunspots or less. Now we are at a minimum. - It looks small through the telescope but it is actually very big, much bigger than Earth. - Can you see it? - I don't see it. - Close one eye. That's it! And look through the other one. - There is a small, very small dark spot. - A small black dot. Have you found it? - Yes. - That is a sunspot. We had the special visit of a shaman, who asked for permission to observe the sky. And this too was very interesting because we, as researchers, are very skeptical in gereral about everything, about cultural traditions, but being there, seeing a person who has his beliefs, has his faith and really thinks that this is the way to watch the sky: asking for permission, being thankful, was very beautiful. And it was also a very moving experience, because during the ceremony, besides asking Earth for permission, he wanted to know our names to ask for our protection. And this was so intense and so interesting, because it was the oldest knowledge joined together with modern technology. And it was also interesting for the children because they stayed there silent, watching the ceremony and later they were running around the telescope, looking through the binoculars. It was a very special day. There were many people, even tourists who were visiting the Island of the Sun, and they stayed to watch the ritual, to observe with the telescope. It was a very, very special day. - Have you managed to see the round crater? - Yes. Really? These craters are made by the impact of meteorites, big rocks traveling through space. - Pretty, isn't it? - Yes. - Good, thanks. It is more luminous than a star but it is not a star, it is a planet. - Do you like it? - Yes. Can you see the bright little dots near this planet? The view is wider than through the telescope but it is always useful to observe galaxies. Now we are trying to see Jupiter with the binoculars. and it is not so easy because the binoculars move with our hand. With the binoculars it is much better to look at the stars, like for example in the Milky Way where we can see many clusters of stars. We are looking mainly at the Milky Way or other galaxies close to ours, like Andromeda or the Magellanic Clouds. Horca del Inca (“The Inca Gallows”) Astronomical observatory (14th century BC) This door you see here, it is an astronomical observatory. It was not used to hang the Incas, it does not belong to the Inca culture either. It belongs to the Chiripa culture. The Chiripas lived here around 1700 BC. Through this door they could tell the days, the years, the dates. It is a Chiripa calendar. Every 21st of June the new Aymara year starts. - Can you see that hole up there? - Yes. Every 21st of June the first solar rays come through that hole. They are projected on the middle of that bridge. When they were projected exactly in the middle they knew it was a good year, good sowing, good agriculture. When the Sun moved to one side, it was a bad year, bad agriculture. - Can you see those two rocks back there? That big one and the small one, do you see them? - Yes. - They are called “kitchen knives”. When the Sun rises in between them, every 21st of September, the shadows of these knives are projected on the two pillars, indicating the time to sow. - Your friend says that the stars are the smallest celestial bodies. - They are big, very big, bigger than Earth - So, small or big? - Big!!! - Big, big. But we are able to observe stars which are very, very far away. - The spirit of GalileoMobile is... sharing. that is the spirit I think. To share, in the frame of something we call astronomy; to share the feelings of the moment, to share a conversation with people, to listen to what they have to say about the place, about what they see. It is restricted, maybe. It is about the sky in South America, their view of the world. We teach them some things, basic concepts mainly, in turn we learn what they know about the constellations, learn from their culture. So I think the spirit of this project is to share, as we say, to share under the same sky. What they have to say and what we have. In every aspect. Sacsajhuaman, Inca ceremonial fortress (11th - 15th century AC). The most important thing about andean astronomy, the most important one, is the relationship between man and the universe, in perfect harmony. The citizens of the Inca empire lived in harmony with nature, but the sky was also part of this concept of nature. It was simply Earth reflected onto the stars. It is for this reason that most constellations and some of their deities were a reflection of the things they had on Earth. So they lived in harmony with the cosmos. It is a kind of astronomy which encompasses all things. - "Allillanchu!" (Hello), (speaking in Quechua) - "Allillanchu” (Hello!) - How are you doing? - Very well! - My name is Miriam her name is María, She is Silvia his name is Fabio and that is Philippe. - How is this called, Â"Inti"? (Sun in Quechua) - “Inti” or Sun, we can call it both ways. - Sun! - Ok, and what else can we see during the day in the sky? - The clouds! - The clouds. - What else? - Can you see stars during the day? "Uk, Isqay, Quimsa, Tawa, Pichka, Soqta, Janchis, Pusaq, Isqoy, Chunca!" - Thank you! We are writing down the numbers in Quechua, all the numbers. They are teaching me a little Quechua. We know the numbers and also, that this is called “montera” - Is that right? - Yes. - And this is called "manta". - "Ligia". - Oh, I'm sorry, “Ligia”, how do you spell that? - This is "manta" - What does “manta” mean? - “Iman sutiyki?” means “what is your name”, right? So... what else did I learn? There was another thing I remembered... ah, no. My name is: “ña..” - María. - Yes, but how was it in Quechua? - “Ñoqa sutimi”. "Ñoqa sutimi María, Ñoqa sutimi María". - After leaving Peru the journey comes to its end, and towards the start of all this, towards Antofagasta. It is our way back. It is the closing of the circle we started more than a month ago and now we finish it. It is a circle that includes a little bit of everything. So from Peru, we are now in Cusco, we go south, Arequipa, Arica, Tocopilla, and Taltal, which is the place where the last GalileoMobile presentation will take place and where the project closes, the journey of this project ends. So to go back, to go back now is difficult, knowing that the road does not go on after that, it is already the way back, to close circle, it is almost a circle. It is a bit sad, but at the same time it is beautiful. It's nice to know that we are going back to Chile where this journey started and where we spent two weeks. So now we go back there, for one more week, to complete this circle and it is nice, it is good. Closing ceremony, Taltal, Chile - So, why is Pluto not there anymore? - Why is Pluto not there anymore, in the family? - Because it is a star. - No, no. - I know, I know! - It left the solar system. - No, no. - I know, I know! - It was considered a dwarf planet. - Wow, amazing! - Bravo! - Great! I think that this project, to some extent, changed us all, it marked a point in our lives. It allowed us to do something completely different with things we had here but we could not do before. It opened a window for us. And I think this window is one that we cannot close suddenly. I don't know where we are going to but we are going in a certain direction. We opened the window now, and this window will stay open to guide us into a new adventure.