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Transcript for MoleClues TV: 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
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| Time | Content |
|---|---|
| 00:01 → 00:03 |
MoleClues TV presents |
| 00:04 → 00:10 |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 explained easy: Who won it and why? |
| 00:11 → 00:16 |
This jellyfish glows green around the outer edge when it becomes agitated. |
| 00:19 → 00:23 |
What makes it glow? |
| 00:25 → 00:29 |
In 1961, Osamu Shimomura set out with other scientists to find out the answer |
| 00:29 → 00:34 |
They managed to isolate two proteins wich were responsible for making the jellyfish glow. |
| 00:34 → 00:38 |
They named them aequorin and green fluorescent protein |
| 00:38 → 00:42 |
Little did they know that many years later the green fluorescent protein... |
| 00:42 → 00:46 |
...would change the world of science. |
| 00:47 → 00:51 |
Normally, proteins are not visible in a microscope, but green fluorescent... |
| 00:51 → 00:56 |
...protein (GPF) absorbs UV light or blue light and then glows green |
| 00:56 → 01:01 |
Wouldn't it be great if you could link GFP to another protein that you are interested in studying... |
| 01:01 → 01:07 |
...so that you could see your protein glow? Perhaps even in other organisms? |
| 01:08 → 01:14 |
The second Nobel Prize winner, Martin Chalfie, showed that this was indeed possible! |
| 01:16 → 01:24 |
Each protein in our cells is produced by turning on a specific sequence in our DNA, a gene |
| 01:28 → 01:36 |
Chalfie inserted the gene that codes for GFP next to the gene that expresses another protein |
| 01:39 → 01:44 |
When the protein is made, it is automatically attached to GFP...a glowing protein is produced! |
| 01:49 → 01:56 |
Now scientists can see exactly where in the cell the protein is and follow its movements using a microscope |
| 01:56 → 02:01 |
Roger Tsien looked at the molecular details of GFP and was able to change the protein very slightly... |
| 02:01 → 02:05 |
...to produce new types that emit light in different colors |
| 02:06 → 02:14 |
Now researchers could see proteins interact with each other in the cell by labeling each one with different colors... |
| 02:15 → 02:21 |
...multicolored glowing proteins revealing the secrets of life inside the cell! |
| 02:22 → 02:31 |
Nowadays, GFP and similar proteins are a very important tool in science to light up and see molecules at work using a microscope. |
| 02:32 → 02:39 |
Some really spectacular applications include mice that fluoresce under UV light (used in medical research)... |
| 02:40 → 02:47 |
...and Glofish - fish that glow thanks to a linked fluorescent gene. |
| 02:49 → 02:55 |
Discuss the Nobel Prize and other things on MoleClues |