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Duration: 20 minutes and 55 seconds

Country: Sweden

Language: English

License: CC Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike

Genre: Documentary

Producer: hans roslling

Director: hans roslling

Views: 473 (56 embedded)

Posted by: arena on Nov 9, 2007

Makes you love IT, Geography, History, Economics, Statistics and see where the world is going.

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Once a year...
1000 remarkable people gather in Monterey, California
to exchange something of incalculable value
Their ideas
What happens there has never been shared
...until now
TED ideas worth spreading
[pub BMW]
[applause]
I told you three things last year.
I told you that the statistic of the world is not been made properly available.
Because of that we still have the old mindset of developping/industrialized countries.
Which is wrong.
And that animated graphics can make a difference.
Things are changing and today
on United Nations statistic division home page, it says
by 1st of May, full access to the databases.
[applause]
And ...
if i could share the image with you, on the screen.
There are three things that happened, you know :
You have opened the statistics databases
... and ...
we have a new version of the software
up working [ ] on the net
so you don't have to download it any longer
Let me up repeat what you saw last year
The bubbles are the countries
Here you have the fertility rate,
the number of children per women
and there, you have the length of life in years
This is 1950, those were the industrialised countries
those were developing countries
At that time, there was a "we" and "them"
There was a huge difference in the world
But then it changed
And it went done quite well
And this is what happens
You can see how China is the red big bubble
The blue there is India
And they go over all this
when i try to be a little more serious this year and showing you how [laughs]
how things really changed
And it is Africa which stands out, that's the problem down here, isn't it ?
large families still and the HIV epidemic brought down the countries like this.
This is more or less what we saw last year
And this is how it will go on into the future ...
And i will talk on : is this possible ? because you see now
i presented statistics that doesn't exist
because this is where we are
will it be possible that this will happen ?
I cover my life time here you know
I expect to live a hundred years
and this is where we are today
now could we look here at instead the economic situation in the world
and i would like to show that against child survival
we swap the axis
here you have child mortality
that is survival : 4 kids dying there 200 dying there
and this is gdp per capita on this axis
and this was 2007
and if i go back in time
i have some historical statistics
here we go
here we go
here we go
here we , not some much statistics hundred years ago
some countries still had statistics we are looking down in the archives
and we are down into 1820
there is only austria and sweden that can produce numbers.
[laughs/applause (Hans Rosling is from sweden)]
But they were down here
they had one thousand dollars per person per year and they lost one fifth of their kids before the first birthday.
So this is what happens in the world.
If we play the entire world
how they got slowly richer and richer
and they had statistic
aren't they beautiful when they get statistics !
you see the importance of that
and here children don't live longer
the last century 1870 was bad for the kids in Europe
because most of the statistics is Europe
It was only by the turn of the century that more than 90% of the children survived the first year.
This is India coming up with the first data from India
And this is the United States moving away here
earning more money
and we will soon see China coming up in the very far end corner here.
and it moves up with Moa Tse Toung getting health not getting so rich
Then he died, then Ten Sioa Ping brings money
it moves this way over here [laughs]
and the bubbles keep moving up there
and this is what the world looks like today
[applause]
Let us have a look at the United States
We have a function here,
i can set, tell the world 'Stay where you are'.
And i take the United States.
We still want to see the background
I put them up like this
and now we go backwards.
And we can see that the United States go to the right of the main stream.
They are on the money side all the time
[laughs]
and down in 1915 the United States was a neighbour of India,
present contemporary India.
And that means United States were richer
but lost more kids than India is doing today proportionnaly.
And look here comparing to the philippines of today.
The philippines of today has almost the same economy
as US during the 1st World War but
we have to bring US forward quite a while to find the same health of the US as we have in the Philippines.
About 1957 here, the health of the US is the same as the Philippines.
This is the drama of this world, which men they called globalized
Is that Asia, Arabic Countries, Latin America are much more ahead
in being healthy, educated, having human ressources than they are economically.
There is a discripancy in what is happening today in the emerging economies
There now social benefits, social progress is going ahead of economical progress
and 1957 US had the same economy as Chile has today
and how long do we have to broom US to get the same health that Chile has today ?
i think we have to go there 2001, 2002 US had the same health than Chile
Chile is catching up catching up
within some years Chile may have better child survival than the US.
This is really a change that you have this lag of more or less 30/40 years difference on how they are healthy.
And behind the health is the educational level and there is a lot of infrastructure, things and reliable human ressources are there.
Now we can take away this and i would like to show you
the rate of speed, the rate of change, how fast they have gone.
And we go back to 1920.
And i want to look at Japan
And i want to look at Sweden
And the US
And i am going to state a race here
between this sort of yellowish Ford here
and the red Toyota down there
and the brownish Volvo.
[laughs]
here we go here we go
the Toyota has a very bad start down here you can see
and US Ford is going off road
The Volvo is doing quite fine
This is the war, the Toyota got off track
And Toyota is coming on the healthiest side of Sweden
can you see that
and they're picking over Sweden
and are now healthier than Sweden
that's about when i sold the Volvo and bought a Toyota and ...
[laughs]
and now we can see that the rate of change was enormous in Japan
They really catched up
and this change is gradual
we have to look over generations to understand it
and let me show you
my own sort of family history
we 've made this graph here and this is the same thing
money down there and health you know
and this is my family.
This is Sweden 1830 when my great great grand mother was born
Sweden was like Sierra Leone today
And this is when great grand mother was born 1863
Sweden was like Mozambique
And this is when my grand mother was born 1891
She took care of me as a child
So i am not talking about statistics, now it is already history in my family
That's when i believe statistics, when my grandma verifyes statistics you know.
[laughs]
I think it is the best way of verifying historical statistic
Sweden was like Ghana.
It is interesting to see the enormous diversity within subsaharian Africa.
I told you last year, i tell you here
My Mother was born in Egypt
And I , who am i , i am the mexican in the family.
And my daughter, she was born in Chile
And my grand daughter was born in Singapore. Now the healthiest country on this earth.
They bypassed Sweden about two to three years ago with better child survival.
But they are very small you know, they are so closed to the hospital
we can have beaten them without all this forest
[laughs]
but homage to Singapore
Singapore are the best ones.
Now, this looks also like a very good story
but it is not really that easy
that it is all good story
because i have to show you one of the other facility
we can also (bis) make a
the color here represent a variable but what i have chosen here
Carbon DiOxyde (CO2) emission, metric ton per capita
This is 1962
and US was emitting 16 tons per person
and China was emitting 0.6
and India was emitting 0.32 ton per capita
and what happens when we moved on
Well you see the nice story of getting richer and getting healthier
and everyone did it at the cost of emission of CO2
there is no one that haven't done it so far
and we do not have all the updated data anylonger because this is really hot data today
and there we are 2001
and in the discussion i attended with global leaders you know
many say now the problem is that the emerging economy
They are getting out too much CO2
The minister of the environment of India said
Well you are the one who caused the problem
The OECD countries the high income countries
they were the ones who caused the climate change.
But we forgive you because you didn't know it
but now on we count per capita
from now on we count per capita
And everyone is responsible for the per capita emission
This really shows you we have not seen good economic and health progress anywhere in the world
without destroying the climate
and this is really what as to be changed
i have been criticised to show too positive image of the world but
but i don't think it is like this
the world is quite a messy place
this we can call dollar street
everyone lives on this street here.
what they earn and what number they live on how much they earn per day
This family earns about 1$ per day.
We drive up the street here, we find a family here which earns about 2 to 3 $ a day.
And we drive away here we find the first garden in the street they earn 10 to 15 $ a day.
And how do they leave ?
we look at the bed here
we can see that they sleep on the rug, on the floor
this is what poverty line is
80% of the family income is yes to cover the energy need, the food for the day
this is 2 to 5 $ you have a bed and here it is a much nicer bedroom. you can see
i lectured this for Ikea and they wanted to see the sofa immediately here [laughs]
and this is the sofa how it will emerge from there
and interesting thing when you can go around here in the photo panorama
you see the family still sitting on the floor there and all there is the sofa
if you're watching the kitchen
you can see that the great difference for women doesn't come between 1 to 10 $
it comes beyond here
when you really can get good working conditions in the family
and if you really want to see the difference you look at the toilet over here
This can change, This can change
This are all pictures and images from Africa and it can become much better
We can get out of poverty
my own research has not been in IT or any thing like this
i spend 20 years in interviews with african farmers
which was on the verge of famine
and this is the result of the farmers needs research
the nice thing here is that you can't see who are the researchers on this picture
that when research function imports societies
you must really leave with the people
when you are in poverty
it is everything about survival, it's about having food
and these two young farmers they are girls now
because their parents are dead in HIV and AIDS
they discuss with the grain agronomist. This is one of the best agronomist in Malawi Jonathan Bicombira
And he is discussing about what sort of cassava they could plan
the best converter of sunshine to food that man has found
and they are very very eagerly interested to get advice
that is to survive in poverty
that is one context : getting out of poverty
the women told us one thing : get us technology
we hate this moto to stand hours and hours
get us a mill
so that we can mill our flour then we will be able to pay for the rest of ourselves.
technology will bring out of poverty but there is a need for a market to get away from poverty
and this woman is very happy now to bring her product to the market
but she is very thankfull for the public investments in schooling so she can count
and won't be cheated when she reached the market
she wants her kid to be healthier so she can go to the market.
does not have to stay home.
And she wants the infrastructure this nice, with the paved road
That is also good with credits, micro credit gave her the bicycle you know
and information will tell her when to go to market with which products.
You can do this, i find
my experience from 20 years of Africa is that the seamingly impossible is possible
Africa has not done bad.
In fifty years they have gone from premedieval situation
to a very decent one hundred year ago Europe
with its functioning nations and states
i would say that subsaharian Africa have done best in the world during the last 50 years
because we don't consider where they came from
It's a stupid concept of developping countries which put us Argentina and Mozambique together 50 years ago
and said that Mozambique did worst
we have to know a little more about the world
i have a neighbour who knows two hundred types of wine he knows everything,
he knows the name of the grape, the temperature everything
i only know two types of wine, red and white [laughs]
But my neighbour only knows two types of countries
industrialized and developping .
I know 200, i know about the small datas about ... you can do that
[applause]
But let us get serious
but how to get serious, you make a powerpoint you know
[laughs]
Homage to the office package
What is this What is this
What am i telling.
I am telling you that there are many dimensions of development
every one want your pet thing
if you are in the corporate sector you love micro credits you know
if you are fighting in a non governmental organisation you like equity between gender
or if you are a teacher you love your net school and so on
at global level we ask for our own things
we need everything, all these things are important for development
especially when you want to get out of poverty and your goal is towards welfare
what we need to think about is, what is a goal for development
and what are the means for development
let me first grade what are the most important needs
Economic growth to me
as a public health professor is the most important thing for development
because it explains 80% of survival
Governance, to have a government that functions
that has brought California out of Missouri in 1850
it was the government which make laws function finely.
Education, Human ressources are important
Health is also important but not that much as a mean
Environment is important
Human Rights is also important but it only get one cross
Now what about goals
where are we going towards ?
we are not interested in money, money is not a goal
it is the best mean but i give it zero as a goal
Governance, it's fun to vote and the little thing but it is not so much
and go to school i mean is not a goal it is a mean
Health i give two points, i mean it is nice to be healthy
at my age especially you can stand healthier, that's good, i give two plus.
environment is very very crucial there is nothing for the grand kids if you don't save up
But where are the important goals ?
of course it is Human Rights
Human Rights is a goal but it is not that strong of a mean for achieving development
and Culture
Culture is the most important thing i would say
because that would bring joy to life, that is the value of living
so the seemingly impossible is possible
even african countries can achieve this
and i have shown you the charts
that the seemingly impossible is possible
and remember, please remember my main message
that is this: "the seemingly impossible is possible"
we can have a good world
i show you the charts, i proved it in the powerpoint
and i think i will convince you also by ...
... Culture ...
[laughs/applause]
Bring me my sword
Sword swallowing is from ancient India
it is a cultural expression that for thousands of years
as inspired human beings to think beyond the obvious
and i will now prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible
by taking this piece of steel, solid steel
this is the army baionette from the swedish army, 1850
In the last years we had war you know
and it is all solid steel you can hear it
and i am going to,
to take this blade of steel
and push it down through my body of blood and flesh
and prove to you that
the seemingly impossible is possible
Can i request a moment of absolute silence
[drums]
[applause]

gapminder

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